The Role of Ultrasound During the Second and Third Trimesters in the Management of Diabetic Pregnancies

Abstract

Introduction: Ultrasound is a key diagnostic method throughout pregnancy, particularly valuable in high-risk conditions such as gestational diabetes. Technological advances, including 3D/4D imaging and color Doppler, have improved the early detection of abnormalities and reduced pregnancy-related complications. This makes ultrasound an essential tool—second only to blood glucose monitoring—in the follow-up of diabetic pregnancies from early gestation to delivery. Methodology: This study analyzed data from pregnant women by evaluating their gestational age, glycemic levels, and ultrasound findings. Data were processed using cross-tabulated statistical tables and presented through diagrams to support interpretation. Results: Among 1,402 pregnant women undergoing ultrasound evaluation, 36 showed fetal abnormalities in the second trimester, and 165 in the third. Women with gestational diabetes or prediabetes were identified and followed throughout pregnancy. Documented complications included polyhydramnios, macrosomia, and fetal growth restriction. Conclusion: Diabetic and prediabetic pregnancies are strongly associated with increased obesity and fetal anomalies. Proper monitoring through standardized ultrasound protocols significantly improves maternal and fetal outcomes. Raising awareness and adherence to these protocols is crucial for improving perinatal care.

Received: 20 May 2025 / Accepted: 24 July 2025 / Published: 01 August 2025