Israel-Palestine Conflict: A Retrospective Analysis from Origins to the Present Day and Prospects for the Future

Abstract

This article examines the conflict between Israel and Palestine, one of the most complex and sensitive issues in modern history, through a retrospective analysis focused on historical sources, political dynamics, and the influence of international factors. For nearly 8 decades, this conflict has caused great international tensions and has sparked intense debates on international law and interventions to resolve it. The article focuses on the most influential events starting from the Ottoman Empire period, the beginnings of Jewish immigration, and the historical, political, and social developments that have led to the shaping of the current conflict. Key points include the declaration of the state of Israel, the Arab-Israeli wars, the Palestinian intifadas, and peace efforts such as the Oslo Accords. The period after 2000 is particularly addressed, analyzing the division between Hamas and Fatah, the successive conflicts in the Gaza Strip, and the deepening humanitarian crisis. The article aims to analyze the role of the international community and international law mechanisms in the efforts to resolve this conflict. Emphasis is placed on the role of the international community, highlighting the US support for Israel, the diplomatic efforts of the European Union and the contribution of international organizations to peace processes and the protection of human rights. Through a retrospective and comparative analysis, the complexity of the factors that fuel the conflict and the major challenges that hinder the possibilities for achieving lasting peace are highlighted. Through the analysis of historical, legal and political sources, this article aims to provide a deeper understanding of the nature of the conflict and to identify the main challenges and opportunities for achieving a lasting solution. In conclusion, it is emphasized that military conflicts and partial agreements have failed to provide a complete solution. Only a comprehensive process, which respects the right to self-determination and guarantees security for both peoples, can bring about lasting peace. The article suggests possibilities for a new international engagement and more effective diplomacy that could bring about a "long-term solution" accepted by both sides.

Received: 20 April 2025 / Accepted: 2 June 2025 / Published: 25 June 2025