Comparison of Causality between German and Albanian Criminal Law

Abstract

Causality is a fundamental concept in criminal law, as it determines whether a person’s actions led to a specific outcome and its associated consequences, thereby establishing the person’s legal responsibility. This Article aims to compare how the causality doctrine is handled in German and Albanian law, identifying similarities and differences based on their respective legal interpretations and applications. It also shows the influence of European Law in both countries, while also showing the differences created by different branches of culture, development and legal ideas. By analyzing their legal frameworks, the paper seeks to identify both the points of convergence and divergence that may emerge in practice. It demonstrates how factors such as legal culture, institutional maturity, and varying social development led to different approaches. This Article offers a comprehensive and understandable examination of the role of causality in criminal liability, illustrating how the same logical patterns emerge in different national contexts to address common challenges.

Received: 20 February 2026  │  Accepted: 10 June 2026  │  Published: 23 July 2026