Social Media as a Tool for Political Mobilization and Public Debate

Abstract

The advent of social media has profoundly reshaped political mobilization, activism, and public discourse. Platforms such as Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), Instagram, and TikTok facilitate immediate communication, grassroots organization, and the amplification of diverse voices, redefining citizen engagement and political participation. By enabling political actors and activists to bypass traditional media channels, social media has emerged as a critical instrument for shaping public opinion, fostering civic engagement, and holding institutions accountable. Nevertheless, the democratizing potential of these platforms is tempered by significant challenges, including political polarization, the spread of misinformation, and the manipulation of public sentiment through algorithm-driven echo chambers and coordinated disinformation campaigns. Events such as the 2016 U.S. presidential election and the Brexit referendum illustrate the vulnerabilities of digital spaces to foreign interference and influence operations. Despite these concerns, social media remains an indispensable element of contemporary political life. Ensuring transparency, combating misinformation, and promoting digital literacy are essential to harnessing its positive potential. This paper offers a critical analysis of the dual role of social media as both an enabler and disruptor of political engagement, employing case studies and empirical evidence to assess its evolving impact on democracy, governance, and civic participation.

Received: 20 April 2025 / Accepted: 12 June 2025 / Published: 25 June 2025