Artificial Intelligence and its Impact on Criminal Behavior in Juveniles

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed the technological environment in which minors interact with digital platforms, information systems and social networks. While these technological developments offer significant opportunities in education, communication and digital participation, they also generate new risks related to juvenile behavior and cyber-related criminal activities. This paper examines the role of artificial intelligence in shaping the criminal behavior of minors by analysing technological, psychological and legal factors that influence their involvement in unlawful activities within digital environments. Through a qualitative and doctrinal legal analysis, the study evaluates the Albanian legal framework in comparison with relevant European and international standards, including the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The research highlights several normative gaps in the current legal framework, particularly concerning crimes facilitated by artificial intelligence and the determination of criminal liability when minors interact with autonomous technological systems. The study concludes that stronger legal regulation, institutional cooperation and digital education policies are necessary to ensure effective protection of minors and to prevent deviant behaviour in the digital age.

Received: 17 January 2026 / Revised: 24 February 2026 / Accepted: 7 March 2026 / Published: 25 March 2026